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中国高翻团队倾力之作

全文字数:1475字

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上期翻译答案

Many of usarenow so impatient that waiting a few minutes for a checkout assistant to become freecan feel likean unacceptable hassle in a world where technology dominates and instant gratification is expected.

在一个技术占据主导地位,期待立刻能获得满足的世界中,我们很多人都非常缺乏耐心,以至于花几分钟等收银员有时间(帮自己结账),都会感觉是无可忍受的麻烦。

1.hassle:something that is annoying, because it causes problems or is difficult to do

《本期内容》

导读

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一项由匈牙利罗兰大学行为学系科学家进行的研究表明,狗狗能区分出不同的语言。当听到熟悉和不熟悉的语言时,它们的大脑会显示出不同的活动模式。

双语阅读

Cuaya and Hernández-Pérez work in a research group at Eötvös Lórand University in Hungary that studies the evolution of speech perception in mammals, including dogs, withtoolssuch as functionalmagnetic resonanceimaging (fMRI), whichmonitorschanges in brain blood flow. More blood flowing to a specific region of the brain means more activation—allowing researchers to glimpse changes in brain activity in response to certain stimuli.

库雅和赫南德·波茨就职于匈牙利罗兰大学的一个研究小组,该小组研究了狗等哺乳动物的语言感知的进化情况,借助功能性磁共振成像等工具,可以监测脑部供血变化。流向大脑特定区域的血液越多,意味着该区域功能越活跃——这使得研究人员能够看到大脑活动对特定刺激做出的活动变化。

In 2016 the university group showed that dogs activate different neural pathways to recognize the meaning of words than they do to sense changes in emotionalintonation. But no one knew whether the animals could distinguish actual human speech from slightly different sounds that did not constitute a long string of words. And no one knew whether a dog could pick up when a person was speaking a different language.

2016年,该大学的研究小组指出,与感知情绪语调的变化相比,狗在识别单词的意思时激活的是不同的神经通路。但没有人知道这些动物是否能从声音差异很细微的并非构成一长串单词的内容中,区分出人类说话的内容。也没有人知道狗是否能听懂人说的另一种语言。

The researchers recruited 18 family dogs, including the bordercollies, Kun-Kun and Odín, who had come from Mexico. The dogs were familiar with either Hungarian or Spanish but not both—and they had been previously trained to lie still in an fMRI machine. Through a pair of noise-canceling headphones, the dogs heard passages from Antoine de Saint-Exupéry’s The Little Prince in either Spanish or Hungarian.

研究人员招募了18只来自墨西哥的家庭犬,包括边境牧羊犬、昆昆和奥丁犬。这些狗要么熟悉匈牙利语,要么熟悉西班牙语,但只会一种语言,而且它们经过事先训练,可以一动不动地躺在功能磁共振成像机上。狗狗们通过降噪耳机,可以听到用西班牙语或匈牙利语朗诵的《小王子》(安托万·德·圣·埃克苏佩里著)中的片段。

From the fMRI scans, the researchers saw the same areas of the brain light up but with different activation patterns, depending on whether the dogs were hearing the story in their native language or a new one—suggesting that they were neurologically processing differences between the two languages.

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Altogether the study shows that the brains of dogs can detect a difference between speech and speechlike sounds and caneventell apart different human languages. “This is the first time we’ve demonstrated that a nonhuman brain can distinguish language,” says Cuaya, noting that while other animals can be trained to hear a difference between human languages, the dogs were able to do it without explicit training.

总的来说,这项研究表明,狗的大脑可以察觉到语音和类语音的区别,甚至可以区分不同的人类语言。库雅说:“这是我们第一次证明人类以外的大脑可以区分语言。”他指出,虽然其他动物可以通过训练听出人类语言之间的区别,但狗可以在没有明确训练的情况下做到这一点。

本文节选自:Scientific American(科学美国人)

发布时间:2022.01.07

作者:Annie Melchor

原文标题:Dogs Can Distinguish Speech from Gibberish--and Tell Spanish from Hungarian

词汇积累

1.tool


  • 英 /tuːl/ 美 /tuːl/

  • n. (尤指手用)工具; (完成工作或达到目标的)工具,手段; 受人利用的人,工具; 容易被利用(或欺骗)的人,蠢人; (计算机)工具; (书籍装订时的)压印图案

    v. 驱车兜风,驾车到处跑; (用工具)制作,在(皮革,尤指书籍的皮革封面)上压印图案; (为生产而)配置设备; 凿刻(石头); (尤指为犯罪活动而)武装

    2.monitor

  • 英 /,ˈmɒnɪtə/ 美 /,ˈmɒnɪtə/

  • n. 显示器,监控器; 监视仪,监护仪; 监督员,监察员; (学校里的)班长,级长; (电台的)监听员; 扬声器; 巨蜥

    v. 监视; 监听(外国广播或电话); 监控(无线电或电视传输信号)

    3.intonation

  • 英 /ˌɪntəʊˈneɪʃən/ 美 /ˌɪntəʊˈneɪʃən/

  • n. 声调,语调; 吟咏,吟诵; (素歌的)起始短句; (演奏或唱歌中的)音准

    4.collie

  • 英 /ˈkɒlɪ/ 美 /ˈkɒlɪ/

  • n.柯利牧羊犬(collie 的复数)

    v.(用煤烟、烟灰)把……弄黑(colly 的第三人称单数)

    5.even

  • 英 /ˈiːvən/ 美 /ˈiːvən/

  • adv. 甚至,即使; 更加,愈加; 实际上

    v. 使相等,使平均; 变平坦; 使变平,使平整

    adj. 平坦的,水平的; 平静的

词组搭配

1.magnetic resonance 核磁共振

写作句总结

This is the first time we’ve demonstrated that a nonhuman brain can distinguish language.

结构: This is the first time we’ve demonstrated that ….

这是我们第一次证明…

例句: This is the first time we’ve demonstrated that there is a relationship between mood and weather.

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